E-bikes and temperature impact

[CityGuy]

Motor

• The electric motor generates heat when converting electrical energy to mechanical motion.
  
• Heat builds up especially during hill climbing, heavy loads, or prolonged high speeds.
  

Controller 

• The controller manages current flow and speed using and other electronics.
  
• These switching components can get quite hot, often requiring heat sinks or thermal pads.
  

Wiring & Connectors

• High current draw (especially from motor to controller) causes resistive heating.
  
• Poor-quality or undersized connectors can get noticeably hot.